""" NASA Ingenuity Drone Simulation Mars Mission: Jezero Crater Scout Hackathon Project Features: - Mission-control style interface - Real-time telemetry dashboard - Autonomous command queue - Battery tracking - Martian wind drift simulation - Obstacle detection - Flight logging - Mission report generation - Safe image loading with fallback shapes Run: python drone_sim.py Required: pip install pillow """ import turtle import tkinter as tk from PIL import Image import os import random import time import datetime import traceback # ------------------------------------------------------------ # CONFIGURATION # ------------------------------------------------------------ class Config: WIDTH = 1000 HEIGHT = 700 BG_COLOR = "#160d0a" PANEL_COLOR = "#2b1a16" TEXT_GREEN = "#00ff9d" WARNING_RED = "#ff4757" MARS_ORANGE = "#ff6b35" MARS_DUST = "#d2691e" WHITE = "#f7e9dc" # Put these image files in the same folder as this Python file. # The simulation will still run if they are missing. DRONE_FILE = "Science_jpegPIA23882.webp" LOGO_FILE = "images (3).jpg" DRONE_GIF = "drone.gif" LOGO_GIF = "logo.gif" LOG_FILE = "flight_data.log" REPORT_FILE = "mission_report.txt" HOME_X = -380 HOME_Y = -180 BATTERY_DRAIN_MOVING = 0.035 BATTERY_DRAIN_HOVER = 0.012 WIND_EFFECT_MIN = -0.35 WIND_EFFECT_MAX = 0.35 OBSTACLE_COLLISION_RADIUS = 42 MOVE_SPEED = 3 # ------------------------------------------------------------ # LOGGER # ------------------------------------------------------------ class Logger: @staticmethod def timestamp(): return datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") @staticmethod def write(level, message): output = f"[{Logger.timestamp()}] [{level}] {message}" print(output) try: with open(Config.LOG_FILE, "a", encoding="utf-8") as file: file.write(output + "\n") except Exception: pass @staticmethod def info(message): Logger.write("INFO", message) @staticmethod def warning(message): Logger.write("WARNING", message) @staticmethod def error(message): Logger.write("ERROR", message) # ------------------------------------------------------------ # ASSET MANAGER # ------------------------------------------------------------ class AssetManager: """ Converts JPG/WEBP/PNG images into GIF files that Turtle can use. Turtle cannot use most image formats directly, so we convert them safely. """ @staticmethod def resize_image(source, output, size): if not os.path.exists(source): Logger.warning(f"Missing image file: {source}") return False try: image = Image.open(source) try: resample_filter = Image.Resampling.LANCZOS except AttributeError: resample_filter = Image.LANCZOS image = image.resize(size, resample_filter) # Turtle works best with simple GIF files. image = image.convert("P", palette=Image.ADAPTIVE) image.save(output, "GIF") Logger.info(f"Prepared image asset: {source} -> {output}") return True except Exception as error: Logger.error(f"Could not process image {source}: {error}") return False @staticmethod def prepare_assets(): assets = { "drone": AssetManager.resize_image( Config.DRONE_FILE, Config.DRONE_GIF, (85, 85) ), "logo": AssetManager.resize_image( Config.LOGO_FILE, Config.LOGO_GIF, (105, 105) ) } return assets # ------------------------------------------------------------ # DRAWING HELPERS # ------------------------------------------------------------ class Drawer: @staticmethod def draw_rectangle(x, y, width, height, fill_color, outline_color=None): pen = turtle.Turtle() pen.hideturtle() pen.speed(0) pen.penup() pen.goto(x, y) pen.pendown() pen.color(outline_color if outline_color else fill_color) pen.fillcolor(fill_color) pen.begin_fill() for _ in range(2): pen.forward(width) pen.right(90) pen.forward(height) pen.right(90) pen.end_fill() pen.penup() @staticmethod def write_text(x, y, text, color=Config.WHITE, size=13, align="left", bold=False): pen = turtle.Turtle() pen.hideturtle() pen.penup() pen.color(color) pen.goto(x, y) style = "bold" if bold else "normal" pen.write(text, align=align, font=("Courier", size, style)) return pen # ------------------------------------------------------------ # OBSTACLE # ------------------------------------------------------------ class Obstacle(turtle.Turtle): def __init__(self, x, y, width=2.5, height=2.5, label="ROCK"): super().__init__("square") self.penup() self.speed(0) self.color(Config.WARNING_RED) self.shapesize(height, width) self.goto(x, y) self.label = label # ------------------------------------------------------------ # DRONE # ------------------------------------------------------------ class DroneActor(turtle.Turtle): def __init__(self, shape_name=None): # Use image shape only if it was successfully registered. if shape_name: super().__init__(shape_name) else: super().__init__("triangle") self.color(Config.MARS_ORANGE) self.penup() self.speed(0) self.home_x = Config.HOME_X self.home_y = Config.HOME_Y self.target_x = self.home_x self.target_y = self.home_y self.goto(self.home_x, self.home_y) self.battery = 100.0 self.status = "READY" self.phase = "MISSION SETUP" self.flight_log_count = 0 self.distance_traveled = 0.0 self.samples_collected = 0 self.command_queue = [] self.current_command = None self.crashed = False self.wind = 0.0 def queue_command(self, command): if self.crashed: return if self.battery <= 0: return self.command_queue.append(command) Logger.info(f"Command queued: {command}") def execute_next_command(self): if self.current_command is not None: return if not self.command_queue: return self.current_command = self.command_queue.pop(0) Logger.info(f"Executing command: {self.current_command}") if self.current_command == "TAKEOFF": self.target_y = 80 self.status = "TAKING OFF" self.phase = "AUTONOMOUS FLIGHT" elif self.current_command == "FORWARD": self.target_x = min(410, self.target_x + 120) self.status = "SCOUTING" elif self.current_command == "SCAN": self.status = "SCANNING" self.samples_collected += 1 self.flight_log_count += 1 self.current_command = None elif self.current_command == "RETURN": self.target_x = self.home_x self.status = "RETURNING" elif self.current_command == "LAND": self.target_y = self.home_y self.status = "LANDING" def update_physics(self): if self.crashed: self.status = "CRASHED" return if self.battery <= 0: self.battery = 0 self.status = "POWER DEPLETED" self.phase = "MISSION FAILED" return self.execute_next_command() old_x = self.xcor() old_y = self.ycor() moved = False if abs(self.xcor() - self.target_x) > 2: step = Config.MOVE_SPEED if self.xcor() < self.target_x else -Config.MOVE_SPEED self.setx(self.xcor() + step) moved = True if abs(self.ycor() - self.target_y) > 2: step = Config.MOVE_SPEED if self.ycor() < self.target_y else -Config.MOVE_SPEED self.sety(self.ycor() + step) moved = True # Martian wind drift only while airborne if self.ycor() > self.home_y + 20: self.wind = random.uniform(Config.WIND_EFFECT_MIN, Config.WIND_EFFECT_MAX) self.setx(self.xcor() + self.wind) self.battery -= Config.BATTERY_DRAIN_HOVER else: self.wind = 0.0 if moved: self.battery -= Config.BATTERY_DRAIN_MOVING self.flight_log_count += 1 dx = self.xcor() - old_x dy = self.ycor() - old_y self.distance_traveled += (dx ** 2 + dy ** 2) ** 0.5 # Check if command target is reached if abs(self.xcor() - self.target_x) <= 3 and abs(self.ycor() - self.target_y) <= 3: if self.current_command is not None: Logger.info(f"Completed command: {self.current_command}") if self.current_command == "LAND": self.status = "MISSION COMPLETE" self.phase = "TELEMETRY REVIEW" self.current_command = None self.battery = max(0, self.battery) def crash(self): if not self.crashed: self.crashed = True self.status = "CRASHED" self.phase = "MISSION FAILED" self.battery = 0 Logger.error("Collision detected. Drone crashed.") # ------------------------------------------------------------ # SIMULATION ENGINE # ------------------------------------------------------------ class SimulationEngine: def __init__(self): Logger.info("Initializing Mars Mission Simulation...") self.screen = turtle.Screen() self.screen.setup(Config.WIDTH, Config.HEIGHT) self.screen.bgcolor(Config.BG_COLOR) self.screen.title("Mars Mission: Ingenuity Drone Simulation") self.screen.tracer(0) self.assets = AssetManager.prepare_assets() self.register_shapes() self.running = True self.setup_background() self.setup_environment() self.setup_ui() def register_shapes(self): """ This fixes the instant-close bug. Turtle image files must be registered before they are used as shapes. """ if self.assets.get("drone") and os.path.exists(Config.DRONE_GIF): try: self.screen.register_shape(Config.DRONE_GIF) Logger.info("Registered drone image shape.") except Exception as error: Logger.warning(f"Could not register drone shape: {error}") self.assets["drone"] = False if self.assets.get("logo") and os.path.exists(Config.LOGO_GIF): try: self.screen.register_shape(Config.LOGO_GIF) Logger.info("Registered logo image shape.") except Exception as error: Logger.warning(f"Could not register logo shape: {error}") self.assets["logo"] = False def setup_background(self): Drawer.draw_rectangle(-500, 350, 1000, 90, Config.PANEL_COLOR, Config.MARS_DUST) Drawer.write_text( -470, 300, "MARS MISSION: INGENUITY SIM | JEZERO CRATER SCOUT", Config.MARS_ORANGE, 17, bold=True ) Drawer.write_text( -470, 270, "Autonomous drone exploration with wind drift, obstacles, battery tracking, and telemetry.", Config.WHITE, 10 ) ground = turtle.Turtle() ground.hideturtle() ground.speed(0) ground.penup() ground.goto(-500, Config.HOME_Y - 35) ground.pendown() ground.color(Config.MARS_DUST) ground.width(4) ground.forward(1000) for _ in range(55): dot = turtle.Turtle() dot.hideturtle() dot.speed(0) dot.penup() dot.color("#8b4513") dot.goto(random.randint(-470, 470), random.randint(-300, -210)) dot.dot(random.randint(3, 8)) def setup_environment(self): drone_shape = Config.DRONE_GIF if self.assets.get("drone") else None self.drone = DroneActor(drone_shape) if self.assets.get("logo"): self.logo = turtle.Turtle(Config.LOGO_GIF) self.logo.penup() self.logo.goto(410, 285) else: Drawer.write_text(380, 285, "NASA", Config.WHITE, 18, bold=True) self.obstacles = [ Obstacle(-70, -175, 2.5, 3, "ROCK FIELD"), Obstacle(140, -150, 3, 2.5, "CRATER EDGE"), Obstacle(315, -170, 2, 4, "SURFACE HAZARD") ] self.telemetry = turtle.Turtle() self.telemetry.hideturtle() self.telemetry.color(Config.TEXT_GREEN) self.telemetry.penup() self.telemetry.goto(-470, 210) self.project_info = turtle.Turtle() self.project_info.hideturtle() self.project_info.color(Config.WHITE) self.project_info.penup() self.project_info.goto(170, 210) def setup_ui(self): self.root = self.screen.getcanvas().winfo_toplevel() self.root.configure(bg=Config.BG_COLOR) self.frame = tk.Frame(self.root, bg=Config.BG_COLOR) self.frame.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, pady=12) controls = [ ("TAKEOFF", self.takeoff), ("FORWARD", self.move_forward), ("SCAN AREA", self.scan_area), ("AUTO MISSION", self.auto_mission), ("RETURN", self.return_home), ("LAND", self.land), ("RECHARGE", self.recharge), ("REPORT", self.generate_report), ] for text, command in controls: button = tk.Button( self.frame, text=text, command=command, bg="#321a12", fg="white", activebackground=Config.MARS_ORANGE, activeforeground="white", font=("Arial", 10, "bold"), width=12, relief=tk.RAISED, bd=3 ) button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) # -------------------------------------------------------- # BUTTON COMMANDS # -------------------------------------------------------- def can_accept_command(self): if self.drone.crashed: Logger.warning("Cannot accept command. Drone has crashed.") return False if self.drone.battery <= 0: Logger.warning("Cannot accept command. Battery depleted.") return False return True def takeoff(self): if self.can_accept_command(): self.drone.queue_command("TAKEOFF") def move_forward(self): if self.can_accept_command(): self.drone.queue_command("FORWARD") def scan_area(self): if self.can_accept_command(): self.drone.queue_command("SCAN") def return_home(self): if self.can_accept_command(): self.drone.queue_command("RETURN") def land(self): if self.can_accept_command(): self.drone.queue_command("LAND") def auto_mission(self): if self.can_accept_command(): mission = [ "TAKEOFF", "FORWARD", "SCAN", "FORWARD", "SCAN", "FORWARD", "SCAN", "RETURN", "LAND" ] for command in mission: self.drone.queue_command(command) Logger.info("Full autonomous mission queued.") def recharge(self): self.drone.battery = 100.0 self.drone.status = "READY" self.drone.phase = "MISSION SETUP" self.drone.crashed = False self.drone.command_queue.clear() self.drone.current_command = None self.drone.target_x = self.drone.home_x self.drone.target_y = self.drone.home_y self.drone.goto(self.drone.home_x, self.drone.home_y) Logger.info("Drone recharged and reset to launch pad.") # -------------------------------------------------------- # TELEMETRY # -------------------------------------------------------- def update_telemetry(self): altitude = int(self.drone.ycor() - self.drone.home_y) queue_display = ", ".join(self.drone.command_queue[:4]) if len(self.drone.command_queue) > 4: queue_display += "..." if queue_display == "": queue_display = "EMPTY" self.telemetry.clear() self.telemetry.write( f"--- REAL-TIME TELEMETRY ---\n" f"STATUS: {self.drone.status}\n" f"PHASE: {self.drone.phase}\n" f"BATTERY: {self.drone.battery:.1f}%\n" f"ALTITUDE: {altitude} m\n" f"X-POSITION: {int(self.drone.xcor())}\n" f"WIND DRIFT: {self.drone.wind:.2f}\n" f"DISTANCE: {self.drone.distance_traveled:.1f} units\n" f"SAMPLES: {self.drone.samples_collected}\n" f"LOG EVENTS: {self.drone.flight_log_count}\n" f"QUEUE: {queue_display}", font=("Courier", 12, "bold") ) self.project_info.clear() self.project_info.write( f"--- HACKATHON PROJECT INFO ---\n" f"PROJECT: Mars Drone Simulation\n" f"LOCATION: Jezero Crater, Mars\n" f"GOAL: Scout terrain autonomously\n" f"CHALLENGE: Thin atmosphere + obstacles\n" f"SOLUTION: Command queue + telemetry\n" f"TECH: Python, Turtle, Tkinter, Pillow\n\n" f"MISSION PHASES:\n" f"1. Mission Setup\n" f"2. Command Queue\n" f"3. Autonomous Flight\n" f"4. Telemetry Review", font=("Courier", 11, "bold") ) def check_collisions(self): if self.drone.crashed: return for obstacle in self.obstacles: if self.drone.distance(obstacle) < Config.OBSTACLE_COLLISION_RADIUS: self.drone.crash() # -------------------------------------------------------- # REPORT # -------------------------------------------------------- def generate_report(self): altitude = int(self.drone.ycor() - self.drone.home_y) report = f""" NASA INGENUITY DRONE SIMULATION MARS MISSION REPORT Generated: {Logger.timestamp()} Mission Location: Jezero Crater, Mars Mission Objective: Simulate an autonomous Mars scouting drone that can take off, follow a command queue, scan terrain, respond to wind drift, avoid obstacles, and return telemetry data. Final Drone Status: Status: {self.drone.status} Mission Phase: {self.drone.phase} Battery Remaining: {self.drone.battery:.1f}% Final Altitude: {altitude} m Distance Traveled: {self.drone.distance_traveled:.1f} simulation units Samples Collected: {self.drone.samples_collected} Flight Log Events: {self.drone.flight_log_count} Hackathon Features Demonstrated: - Modular simulation design - Real-time telemetry dashboard - Autonomous command queue - Mars-inspired physics constraints - Wind drift simulation - Obstacle detection - Battery drain model - Mission report generation - NASA-inspired interface Technology Used: - Python - Turtle graphics - Tkinter controls - Pillow image processing Conclusion: This project demonstrates how autonomous systems can support future Mars missions where direct human control is limited by distance, communication delay, and risk. """ try: with open(Config.REPORT_FILE, "w", encoding="utf-8") as file: file.write(report) Logger.info(f"Mission report generated: {Config.REPORT_FILE}") self.show_popup("Mission Report", f"Mission report saved as {Config.REPORT_FILE}") except Exception as error: Logger.error(f"Could not generate report: {error}") self.show_popup("Error", f"Could not generate report:\n{error}") def show_popup(self, title, message): popup = tk.Toplevel(self.root) popup.title(title) popup.configure(bg=Config.PANEL_COLOR) popup.geometry("440x180") label = tk.Label( popup, text=message, bg=Config.PANEL_COLOR, fg=Config.WHITE, font=("Courier", 11, "bold"), wraplength=390 ) label.pack(pady=32) close_button = tk.Button( popup, text="CLOSE", command=popup.destroy, bg=Config.MARS_ORANGE, fg="white", font=("Arial", 10, "bold") ) close_button.pack() # -------------------------------------------------------- # MAIN GAME LOOP # -------------------------------------------------------- def game_loop(self): try: if self.running: self.drone.update_physics() self.check_collisions() self.update_telemetry() self.screen.update() # Runs again after 20 milliseconds. self.screen.ontimer(self.game_loop, 20) except Exception as error: Logger.error(f"Simulation error: {error}") Logger.error(traceback.format_exc()) self.show_popup("Simulation Error", str(error)) def run(self): Logger.info("Simulation started.") self.game_loop() self.screen.mainloop() # ------------------------------------------------------------ # PROGRAM START # ------------------------------------------------------------ if __name__ == "__main__": try: sim = SimulationEngine() sim.run() except Exception as error: print("\nThe simulation crashed before opening correctly.") print("Error:") print(error) print("\nFull details:") traceback.print_exc() input("\nPress Enter to close...")